participant observer

基本解释

Another participant (the observer) simply watched on as this was happening, silently judging.
另外一个被试（旁观者）只需旁观发生的事情，然后默默地进行判评。
“I think there is a difference between being a participant and an observer, ” Exum replied in an e-mail.
“我想作为参与者和旁观者是有不同的，”Exum 在电子邮件里回答。
As we discuss later, the ‘engaged scholar’ view places the researcher within the phenomenon as an observer/participant.
而我们稍后会谈到，“导入型学者”观点将研究人员放置于现象之中，是观察者/参与者的结合体。

Yes, there is a time to pivot, to cut your losses and to move forward—but for a true entrepreneur (and for most every successful leader) that point is much further along the realm of the seemingly impossible than any other participant or observer would have thought.
FORBES: 12 Maverick Leadership Tips from James Bond
William Smyser, a participant in and observer of the process, lived in Hitler's Germany, served with the United States forces in Germany in the 1950s, worked under General Lucius Clay in Berlin during the 1960s and was the political counsellor at the American embassy in Bonn during the decade that followed.
ECONOMIST: The cold war
And yet he craves admission to the Eurogroup—not as a participant, he says, but as an observer.
ECONOMIST: Charlemagne